pyqt5-教程系列（十二）PyQt5使用http请求获取天气
刚才讲了用PyQt5写一个俄罗斯方块的游戏，接下来再说一下如何利用Pyqt5来获取天气预报信息。 这里获取数据是从中国天气官方网址获取。
本案例是采用的获取天气的服务器接口为：
http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini，请求参数名为city，参数内容为要查询天气的城市名称（utf8字符串）。请求方式为GET。
使用QT调用天气接口则需要用到网络类，通过HTTP请求数据。
构造构造图形界面 widget.py 文件
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_Widget(object):
def setupUi(self, Widget):
Widget.setObjectName("Widget")
Widget.resize(400, 300)
self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Widget)
self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 40, 75, 23))
self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(Widget)
self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 10, 256, 161))
self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
self.formLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Widget)
self.formLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(50, 179, 160, 111))
self.formLayoutWidget.setObjectName("formLayoutWidget")
self.formLayout = QtWidgets.QFormLayout(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.formLayout.setContentsMargins(11, 11, 11, 11)
self.formLayout.setSpacing(6)
self.formLayout.setObjectName("formLayout")
self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.label.setObjectName("label")
self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label)
self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit)
self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_2)
self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2")
self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit_2)
self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
self.formLayout.setWidget(2, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_3)
self.lineEdit_3 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.lineEdit_3.setObjectName("lineEdit_3")
self.formLayout.setWidget(2, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit_3)
self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
self.formLayout.setWidget(3, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_4)
self.lineEdit_4 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.formLayoutWidget)
self.lineEdit_4.setObjectName("lineEdit_4")
self.formLayout.setWidget(3, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit_4)
self.retranslateUi(Widget)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Widget)
def retranslateUi(self, Widget):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
Widget.setWindowTitle(_translate("Widget", "Widget"))
self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Widget", "获取天气"))
self.label.setText(_translate("Widget", "城市"))
self.label_2.setText(_translate("Widget", "天气"))
self.label_3.setText(_translate("Widget", "温度"))
self.label_4.setText(_translate("Widget", "风力"))上面的文件是构造构造图形界面。
爬取天气预报信息 weather.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtNetwork import *
import widget
import sys
class MyWeather(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent = None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.mywidget = widget.Ui_Widget()
self.mywidget.setupUi(self)
self.manager = QNetworkAccessManager(self)
self.manager.finished.connect(self.replyFinished)
self.mywidget.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.request)
def replyFinished(self, reply):
str1 = reply.readAll()
str2 = bytes.decode(str1.data(),encoding='utf8')
self.mywidget.textBrowser.setText(str2)
err = QJsonParseError()
json_recev = QJsonDocument.fromJson(str1,err)
if not json_recev.isNull():
myobject = json_recev.object()
if 'data' in myobject:
myvalue = myobject['data']
if myvalue.isObject():
myobject_data = myvalue.toObject()
if 'forecast' in myobject_data:
value = myobject_data['forecast']
if value.isArray():
value1 = value.toArray()[0].toObject()
self.tianqi = value1['type'].toString()
self.mywidget.lineEdit_2.setText(self.tianqi)
low = value1['low'].toString()
high = value1['high'].toString()
self.wendu = low[2:] + '-' + high[2:]
self.mywidget.lineEdit_3.setText(self.wendu)
fengxiang = value1['fengxiang'].toString()
fengli = value1['fengli'].toString()
self.fengli = fengxiang + fengli[9:-3]
self.mywidget.lineEdit_4.setText(self.fengli)
reply.deleteLater()
def request(self):
city = self.mywidget.lineEdit.text() #str
pre = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city='
res = pre + city
print(res)
url = QUrl(res)
self.manager.get(QNetworkRequest(url))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
weather = MyWeather()
weather.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())请求天气数据
def request(self):
city = self.mywidget.lineEdit.text() #str
pre = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city='
res = pre + city
print(res)
url = QUrl(res)
self.manager.get(QNetworkRequest(url))回复数据处理槽函数：
def replyFinished(self, reply):
str1 = reply.readAll()
str2 = bytes.decode(str1.data(),encoding='utf8')
self.mywidget.textBrowser.setText(str2)
err = QJsonParseError()
json_recev = QJsonDocument.fromJson(str1,err)
if not json_recev.isNull():
myobject = json_recev.object()
if 'data' in myobject:
myvalue = myobject['data']
if myvalue.isObject():
myobject_data = myvalue.toObject()
if 'forecast' in myobject_data:
value = myobject_data['forecast']
if value.isArray():
value1 = value.toArray()[0].toObject()
self.tianqi = value1['type'].toString()
self.mywidget.lineEdit_2.setText(self.tianqi)
low = value1['low'].toString()
high = value1['high'].toString()
self.wendu = low[2:] + '-' + high[2:]
self.mywidget.lineEdit_3.setText(self.wendu)
fengxiang = value1['fengxiang'].toString()
fengli = value1['fengli'].toString()
self.fengli = fengxiang + fengli[9:-3]
self.mywidget.lineEdit_4.setText(self.fengli)
reply.deleteLater() 天气请求回复的JSON数据中含有多天的详细天气信息，但在此只解析了当天的天气状态、温度和风力三个参数信息，以供参考，Demo程序演示效果如下。
源码地址：
https://github.com/liuyu007/pyQt/tree/master/Desktop/tq
